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STM32 PWM输出函数快速入门：掌握必备技巧，轻松实现波形的精确控制

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STM32是一款高性能、低功耗的微控制器，广泛应用于各种嵌入式系统中。PWM（脉冲宽度调制）是STM32中常用的一种功能，它可以用来控制电机、调节亮度等。本文将为您介绍STM32 PWM输出函数的快速入门，帮助您掌握必备技巧，轻松实现波形的精确控制。

1. PWM基本概念

PWM是一种模拟信号数字化的技术，通过改变脉冲的宽度来模拟不同的电压或电流。在STM32中，PWM信号通常用于控制电机转速、调节LED亮度等。

1.1 PWM信号特点

  • 占空比可调：通过改变脉冲宽度来调整输出信号的电压或电流。
  • 频率可调：通过改变脉冲周期来调整输出信号的频率。
  • 精度高：PWM信号可以精确控制输出信号的电压或电流。

1.2 PWM应用场景

  • 电机控制：如步进电机、直流电机等。
  • LED调光：如LED灯、LCD背光等。
  • 音频信号发生：如PWM调制音频信号等。

2. STM32 PWM硬件资源

STM32系列微控制器具有丰富的PWM硬件资源，包括：

  • PWM定时器：用于产生PWM信号。
  • PWM通道：用于输出PWM信号。
  • 输出比较单元：用于比较PWM信号与捕获信号，产生PWM输出。

3. STM32 PWM编程步骤

3.1 初始化PWM定时器

  1. 选择合适的定时器：根据PWM频率和占空比要求选择合适的定时器。
  2. 设置定时器周期：根据PWM频率计算定时器周期。
  3. 设置定时器预分频：根据定时器时钟频率和PWM频率计算预分频值。
  4. 使能定时器：启动定时器工作。
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim1;

void MX_TIM1_Init(void)
{
  TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};

  htim1.Instance = TIM1;
  htim1.Init.Prescaler = 0;
  htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim1.Init.Period = 1000 - 1;
  htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim1);

  sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
  sConfigOC.Pulse = 500 - 1;
  sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
  HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim1, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
}

3.2 配置PWM通道

  1. 选择合适的PWM通道：根据实际需求选择PWM通道。
  2. 设置PWM模式：根据PWM应用场景选择PWM模式。
  3. 设置PWM周期和占空比：根据PWM频率和占空比要求设置PWM周期和占空比。
  4. 使能PWM通道：启动PWM通道输出。
void HAL_TIM_PWM_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* htim)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(htim->Instance==TIM1)
  {
    __HAL_RCC_TIM1_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
  }
}

void MX_TIM1_PWM_Init(void)
{
  TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};

  htim1.Instance = TIM1;
  htim1.Init.Prescaler = 0;
  htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim1.Init.Period = 1000 - 1;
  htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim1);

  sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
  sConfigOC.Pulse = 500 - 1;
  sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
  HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim1, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
}

3.3 控制PWM输出

  1. 设置PWM占空比：根据实际需求设置PWM占空比。
  2. 启动PWM输出：启动PWM通道输出。

”`c void HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim, TIM_CHANNEL Channel) { if (htim->State == HAL_TIM_STATE_READY) {

if (htim->Channel[Channel].State == HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_PWM)
{
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.Locked = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_LOCKED_NONE;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.AutoReloadPreload = HAL_TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCMode = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_MODE_PWM1;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.Polarity = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_POLARITY_HIGH;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCFastMode = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OCFAST_DISABLE;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCNIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_NIDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCNPolarity = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OCNPOLARITY_HIGH;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel].Config.OCIdleState = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_OC_IDLE_STATE_LOW;
  htim->Channel[Channel
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