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Java中定义复数类：轻松实现复数运算与属性管理

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在Java中，复数是一种常见的数学对象，由实部和虚部组成。复数的运算包括加法、减法、乘法、除法以及求模等。为了方便进行复数运算和属性管理，我们可以自定义一个复数类。以下将详细介绍如何定义一个复数类，并实现其基本运算功能。

1. 复数类的定义

首先，我们需要定义一个复数类，其中包含两个属性：实部和虚部。以下是复数类的定义：

public class ComplexNumber {
    private double real;
    private double imaginary;

    // 构造方法
    public ComplexNumber(double real, double imaginary) {
        this.real = real;
        this.imaginary = imaginary;
    }

    // 省略getter和setter方法
    // ...
}

2. 复数类的属性管理

为了方便管理复数的属性，我们可以为复数类添加getter和setter方法：

public class ComplexNumber {
    // ...（之前的代码）

    // 实部getter和setter方法
    public double getReal() {
        return real;
    }

    public void setReal(double real) {
        this.real = real;
    }

    // 虚部getter和setter方法
    public double getImaginary() {
        return imaginary;
    }

    public void setImaginary(double imaginary) {
        this.imaginary = imaginary;
    }
}

3. 复数类的运算方法

接下来，我们需要为复数类添加一些运算方法，如加法、减法、乘法和除法。以下是复数类运算方法的实现：

public class ComplexNumber {
    // ...（之前的代码）

    // 加法方法
    public ComplexNumber add(ComplexNumber other) {
        return new ComplexNumber(this.real + other.real, this.imaginary + other.imaginary);
    }

    // 减法方法
    public ComplexNumber subtract(ComplexNumber other) {
        return new ComplexNumber(this.real - other.real, this.imaginary - other.imaginary);
    }

    // 乘法方法
    public ComplexNumber multiply(ComplexNumber other) {
        double newReal = this.real * other.real - this.imaginary * other.imaginary;
        double newImaginary = this.real * other.imaginary + this.imaginary * other.real;
        return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
    }

    // 除法方法
    public ComplexNumber divide(ComplexNumber other) {
        double denominator = other.real * other.real + other.imaginary * other.imaginary;
        double newReal = (this.real * other.real + this.imaginary * other.imaginary) / denominator;
        double newImaginary = (this.imaginary * other.real - this.real * other.imaginary) / denominator;
        return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
    }
}

4. 测试复数类

最后，我们可以通过以下代码来测试复数类：

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ComplexNumber c1 = new ComplexNumber(3, 4);
        ComplexNumber c2 = new ComplexNumber(1, 2);

        System.out.println("c1: " + c1.getReal() + " + " + c1.getImaginary() + "i");
        System.out.println("c2: " + c2.getReal() + " + " + c2.getImaginary() + "i");

        ComplexNumber sum = c1.add(c2);
        ComplexNumber difference = c1.subtract(c2);
        ComplexNumber product = c1.multiply(c2);
        ComplexNumber quotient = c1.divide(c2);

        System.out.println("Sum: " + sum.getReal() + " + " + sum.getImaginary() + "i");
        System.out.println("Difference: " + difference.getReal() + " + " + difference.getImaginary() + "i");
        System.out.println("Product: " + product.getReal() + " + " + product.getImaginary() + "i");
        System.out.println("Quotient: " + quotient.getReal() + " + " + quotient.getImaginary() + "i");
    }
}

通过以上代码，我们可以看到复数类的定义、属性管理和运算方法。这个复数类可以帮助我们轻松实现复数的运算和属性管理。

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